The PAH Platform for Deep Phenotyping in Korean Subjects

Study Purpose

A total of 16 regional hospitals will be registering clinical data and biological specimens of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH)/heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) patients across Korea. The diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) will be based on right heart catheterization, where PAH caused by etiology other than HPAH or IPAH will be excluded. All clinical data will be stored to a government-based online database. Each participating hospitals will be collecting whole blood from each patient, through which DNA, RNA, serum, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells will be extracted from the buffy coat layer for further multi-omics analysis.

Recruitment Criteria

Accepts Healthy Volunteers Healthy volunteers are participants who do not have a disease or condition, or related conditions or symptoms	Unknown
Study Type An interventional clinical study is where participants are assigned to receive one or more interventions (or no intervention) so that researchers can evaluate the effects of the interventions on biomedical or health-related outcomes. An observational clinical study is where participants identified as belonging to study groups are assessed for biomedical or health outcomes. Searching Both is inclusive of interventional and observational studies.	Observational [Patient Registry]
Eligible Ages	18 Years and Over
Gender	All

More Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

- Over 18 years.

- Mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 25mmHg or higher confirmed by right heart catheterization (RHC) - Pulmonary vascular resistance ≥ 240 dynes∙s∙cm-5.

- Left ventricle diastolic pressure (LVDEP) or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≤ 15mmHg.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Patients with drug-induced-PAH.

- Patients with CTD, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, portal hypertension, congenital heart disease, or Schistosomiasis associated- PAH.

- Long-term responders to calcium channel blockers.

- PAH patients with overt features of venous capillaries involvement

Trial Details

Trial ID: This trial id was obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov, a service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, providing information on publicly and privately supported clinical studies of human participants with locations in all 50 States and in 196 countries.	NCT03933579
Phase Phase 1: Studies that emphasize safety and how the drug is metabolized and excreted in humans. Phase 2: Studies that gather preliminary data on effectiveness (whether the drug works in people who have a certain disease or condition) and additional safety data. Phase 3: Studies that gather more information about safety and effectiveness by studying different populations and different dosages and by using the drug in combination with other drugs. Phase 4: Studies occurring after FDA has approved a drug for marketing, efficacy, or optimal use.
Lead Sponsor The sponsor is the organization or person who oversees the clinical study and is responsible for analyzing the study data.	Gachon University Gil Medical Center
Principal Investigator The person who is responsible for the scientific and technical direction of the entire clinical study.	N/A
Principal Investigator Affiliation	N/A
Agency Class Category of organization(s) involved as sponsor (and collaborator) supporting the trial.	Other
Overall Status	Recruiting
Countries	Korea, Republic of
Conditions The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied.	Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Deep Phenotyping, Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Additional Details

Study Objectives The current study is a multicenter registry and biobank based on South Korean populations to construct a database for the elucidation the molecular and genetic modifiers of PAH. The ultimate goal is to utilize deep phenotypic data for prognosis prediction and discovery of biomarkers and targeted therapies. Study Sample The current study will initially exclude the most frequent form of PAH in Korea, the connective tissue disease (CTD)-related PAH, and focus on the diagnosis and deep phenotyping of idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and heritable PAH (HPAH) patients. The inclusion criteria are as follows:

(1) over 18 years of age, (2) mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 25mmHg or higher confirmed by right heart catheterization (RHC), (3) pulmonary vascular resistance ≥ 240 dynes∙s∙cm-5, (4) left ventricle diastolic pressure (LVDEP) or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≤ 15mmHg.

Exclusion criteria are:

(1) patients with drug-induced-PAH, (2) CTD, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, portal hypertension, congenital heart disease, or Schistosomiasis associated-PAH, (3) long-term responders to calcium channel blockers, (4) PAH patients with overt features of venous capillaries involvement, leaving IPAH and HPAH patients among group 1 of PH to be evaluated.

HPAH will be diagnosed by identifying patients with heterozygous pathogenic variants of predetermined genes such as BMPR2, ACVRL1, ENG, CAV1, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD9, KCNK3, and EIF2AK4. Patients without a specific genetic mutation will then be categorized as IPAH patients. The genomic data of family members across 3 pedigrees of an HPAH patient will also be analyzed. All clinical and biological data will be reported to a customized web-based case report form called the iCReaT system managed by the Korean Center for Disease Control. All collected biospecimens will be stored at the Korean National Institute of Health main storage. Although the current analysis is planned to be limited to IPAH and HPAH patients, our steering committee plans to expand to all types of PAH in subsequent studies. This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of each participating institutions and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki (6th revision). An informed consent will be received by each patient. Baseline Data and Biospecimen Collection The baseline data from the registered patients across the 16 regional hospitals will include the following: WHO functional classification, 6-minute walking test, blood sample, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, echocardiography, optional pulmonary-cardio exercise test, optional Cardiac MRI, and RHC. Detailed information of each exams are specified in Table 2. The registered patient will be followed up on a regular basis for further data and biospecimen collection. With the patient's blood sample, DNA, RNA, serum, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the buffy coat will be separated and be extracted for further storage and studies. For the DNA sample, 2.5ml of the whole blood will be stored in a PAX gene DNA tube at the collecting site, and it will be carried to the main center at 4~10 C. At the main center, it will, then, be transferred to a 2ml cryotube to be stored at -70~80C. For patient's RNA collection, 2.5 mL of whole blood will be collected at PAX gene RNA tube, and it will be sent to the main center at 4~10 C, which will also be further transferred to a cryotube to be stored at -70~80C. Patient's serum, plasma and the buffy coat will also be collected. At the respective collection sites, serum will be collected at a serum separation tube, and after 30 minutes of venipuncture, it will be centrifuged and stored at -20C. For patient's plasma, cell preparation tube will be used within 2 hours of blood collection. Then, each sample will be ready to be stored at -20C by treating the samples with human serum type antibody, DMSO, and freezing medium. To separate and extract PBMC, white buffy coat layer will be separated and be stored at a 1.5ml tube with a freezing medium at -20C. The collected baseline data will then go through a clean-up process and further evaluation of its quality will be done. In addition, five patients will be selected to do a whole-genome sequencing. All the collected biospecimen will be donated to NIH center storage, and will be further used for a multi-omics studies in order to deep phenotype the patient's specimens. Patient Follow Up All patients will be followed up twice or more a year, with expected 80% follow up rate. During the second and third year, patient registry and data collection will be continued with the same protocol. To maintain the credibility of collected data, the steering committee will continuously monitor and audit the collected data. Protocol may be further crafted after evaluating the previous year's data. In addition, effective data management strategies, including a guideline to standardize patient's body measurement and blood sample will be developed. Ten patient samples will be selected for a next generation sequencing, and we will be utilized in discovering novel genetic mutations. Genetic Mutation Analysis across Three-Pedigrees for HPAH Patients In order to determine patients with HPAH, a familial genetic study will be performed. A three-generation pedigree for each PAH patient with with or without the existence of a BMPR2, ACVRL1, ENG, CAV1, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD9, KCNK3, and/or EIF2AK4 mutation will be evaluated. Blood samples from family members of patients with a HPAH will be collected for genetic screening.

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