RV Systolic and Diastolic Function and Contractile Reserve Under Acute Exercise and in Response to Chronic Exercise-based Rehabilitation

Study Purpose

Exercise training in Pulmonary arterial hypertension in the setting of rehabilitation leads to an enormous improvement of functional state and haemodynamics. However the underlying mechanism is still unkown. It is assumed to be relied on Right ventricular contractile reserve, but this has never been proven with goldstandard PV-loop assessment. Our aim is to evaluate the mechanism leading to the increase in functional state and to evaluate the impact of exercise (acute and chronic) on right ventricular performance

Recruitment Criteria

Accepts Healthy Volunteers Healthy volunteers are participants who do not have a disease or condition, or related conditions or symptoms	No
Study Type An interventional clinical study is where participants are assigned to receive one or more interventions (or no intervention) so that researchers can evaluate the effects of the interventions on biomedical or health-related outcomes. An observational clinical study is where participants identified as belonging to study groups are assessed for biomedical or health outcomes. Searching Both is inclusive of interventional and observational studies.	Interventional
Eligible Ages	18 Years - 75 Years
Gender	All

More Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

- Consent form, - men and women> 18 years <75 years.

- invasively confirmed chronic PH who have received complete diagnostic evaluation by specialized physicians according to at a center for pulmonary hypertension and were adjusted for 2 months under intensive medical therapy and are stable.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Pregnancy or lactation, - Change in medication during the last 2 months, - Patients with signs of right heart decompensation, severe walking disturbance, - No previous invasively confirmation of PH, acute diseases, Infections, fever, - active myocarditis, unstable angina pectoris, exercise-induced ventricular -arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, significant heart disease, pacemakers, and -hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, or a highly reduced left ventricular function

Trial Details

Trial ID: This trial id was obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov, a service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, providing information on publicly and privately supported clinical studies of human participants with locations in all 50 States and in 196 countries.	NCT04188756
Phase Phase 1: Studies that emphasize safety and how the drug is metabolized and excreted in humans. Phase 2: Studies that gather preliminary data on effectiveness (whether the drug works in people who have a certain disease or condition) and additional safety data. Phase 3: Studies that gather more information about safety and effectiveness by studying different populations and different dosages and by using the drug in combination with other drugs. Phase 4: Studies occurring after FDA has approved a drug for marketing, efficacy, or optimal use.	N/A
Lead Sponsor The sponsor is the organization or person who oversees the clinical study and is responsible for analyzing the study data.	University of Giessen
Principal Investigator The person who is responsible for the scientific and technical direction of the entire clinical study.	N/A
Principal Investigator Affiliation	N/A
Agency Class Category of organization(s) involved as sponsor (and collaborator) supporting the trial.	Other
Overall Status	Not yet recruiting
Countries	Germany
Conditions The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied.	Pulmonary Hypertension, Right Heart Failure, Heart Failure, Contractility, RV-arterial Coupling

Additional Details

The ability of the RV to increase Ees under exercise is barely understood, and it is not known whether this is accompanied by changes in Eed. Exercise-based rehabilitation programs in PAH patients showed a marked increase in 6 Minute Walk distance and CI; the improvement was, partially higher than the improvement upon targeted PAH medication Several mechanisms may underlie such improvement, in particular a decrease in PVR, improved peripheral muscular function and improved systolic and/or diastolic RV function. To assess the latter aspect in a load-independent fashion, the investigators will perform acute exercising and exercise-based rehabilitation in PAH patients with performance of RV PV loop measurements, which has never been undertaken under this aspect in PAH patients. Acute exercising: As "physiological response" to acute exercising, an increase in RV Ees is to be expected. However, based on clinical experience and on the surprising finding of an Ees decrease upon volume challenge in patients with low Ees/Ea values, the investigators hypothesize that orientation and extent of the Ees response to acute exercise will depend on the baseline Ees/Ea: patients with well-maintained Ees/Ea values may reveal an increase of Ees in response to acute exercise, whereas patients with RV-PA uncoupling (baseline Ees/Ea < 0.8) may show an acute heterometric adaptation with increase in volumes and decrease in Ees (negative ∆ Ees). Moreover, this study may again provide a novel "threshold of uncoupling" (Ees/Ea ratio), at which the RV response to acute exercising switches from increased to decreased contractility. The investigators will use incremental exercise tests (step or ramp protocol; handgrip protocol) with repeated hemodynamic measurements with right heart catheterization (RHC) and PV-loop catheter. The modified single beat method will be used to calculate Ees and Ea as well as Eed under exercise: the intercept on the x-axis will be predefined by Valsalva maneuver and preload reduction, and this point will be the reference for PV-loop-derived ESPVR to calculate Ees as decribed before. The study will include 42 PAH patients, who will subsequently be entered into the rehabilitation program (for power calculation see below). Similar to the volume challenge study, the hypothesis is that extent and orientation of ∆ Ees upon acute exercise are correlated with baseline Ees/Ea. Primary endpoint: ∆ Ees between baseline and maximum exercise. Secondary endpoints: time to recovery of Ees and RV-EDV after acute exercising, changes in PVR, mPAP, CI, Eed, Ea, Stroke Work, EDP, ESV, EDV and SV. Statistics: the primary endpoint will be analyzed by descriptive statistics, graphical representations with scatterplots, quantitative measures of dependence (Pearson's r or Spearman´s rho) and description of conditional distributions will be used. Exercise-based rehabilitation

- the RESERVE study: The investigators aim to conduct a single center, interventional, randomized, non-blinded, prospective study to evaluate the impact of exercise training on RV-PA- coupling.

Every patient will undergo acute exercise testing during first catheterization as described above. Thereafter, patients will be randomly assigned to a control and a training group for chronic exercise in a rehabilitation program. Medication will remain unchanged during the study period. After 15 weeks, RHC and PV-loop assessment at baseline and in response to acute exercise will be repeated. During the study, patients of the control group will not receive any advice on exercise training. Rehabilitation-exercise training will consist of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) as described before . Retesting (baseline, response to exercise) will be performed after 15 weeks. Different examinations will be performed at the different visits. Primary endpoint will be the change in baseline Ees over the 15 weeks observation period. Secondary endpoints include the Ees response to acute exercising as well as further PV-loop, cMRI, Echo-derived and functional parameters as detailed in Table 2. Statistics: Continuous variables will be compared using repeated-measures ANOVA for differences between values at baseline and after acute and chronic exercise challenge. The comparisons of characteristics at baseline and after exercise between the two groups, as well as the comparisons of the absolute changes of variables from baseline to post-exercise between groups will be analyzed by adequate descriptive statistics.

Arms & Interventions

Arms

Other: Exercise

Group under exercise training for 15 weeks with High intenstiy interval training under medical control

No Intervention: Control

Group with standard care according to current guidelines

Interventions

Other: - Exercise

High intensity interval training (rehabilitation) over 15 weeks. Patients will be guided by physicians for exercise training in Pulmonary hypertension

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